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Bloody Sunday ((アイルランド語:Domhnach na Fola)) was a day of violence in Dublin on 21 November 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. In total, 31 people were killed: fourteen British agents and police personnel, fourteen Irish civilians, and three Irish republican prisoners. The day began with an Irish Republican Army (IRA) operation, organised by Michael Collins, to assassinate the 'Cairo Gang' – a team of undercover British intelligence agents working and living in Dublin. IRA members went to a number of addresses and shot dead fourteen people: ten British Army officers, a Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) officer, two members of the Auxiliary Division, and a suspected civilian informant. Later that afternoon, members of the Auxiliary Division and RIC opened fire on the crowd at a Gaelic football match in Croke Park, killing fourteen civilians and wounding at least sixty.〔Leeson, "Death in the Afternoon," pp. 49–50, 55–8; Carey and De Burca, "Bloody Sunday 1920," pp. 10–16.〕 That evening, three IRA suspects being held in Dublin Castle were beaten and killed by their captors, who claimed they were trying to escape. Overall, while its events cost relatively few lives, Bloody Sunday was considered a great victory for the IRA, as Collins's operation severely damaged British intelligence, while the later reprisals did no real damage to the guerrillas but increased support for the IRA at home and abroad.〔''The Irish War of Independence'' by Michael Hopkinson (ISBN 978-0717137411), page 91〕 ==Background== Bloody Sunday was one of the most significant events to take place during the Irish War of Independence, which followed the declaration of an Irish Republic and its parliament, Dáil Éireann. The army of the new republic, the Irish Republican Army (IRA), waged a guerrilla war against the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), its auxiliary organisations, and the British Army, who were tasked with suppressing the Irish rebellion. Some members of the Gaelic Athletic Association which owned Croke Park were nationalists, but others were not.〔http://www.dublinheritage.ie/media/gaa_and_irish_revolution_text.html〕 In response to IRA actions, the British Government formed paramilitary forces to augment the RIC, the "Black and Tans" (a nickname possibly arising from their mixture of uniforms), and the Auxiliary Division (generally known as the ''Auxiliaries'' or ''Auxies''). The behaviour of both groups immediately became controversial (one major critic was King George V) for their brutality and violence, not just towards IRA suspects and prisoners but their racist/sectarian attitude towards Irish people in general. In Dublin, the war largely took the form of assassinations and reprisals on either side. The events on the morning of 21 November were an effort by the IRA in Dublin, under Michael Collins and Richard Mulcahy, to destroy the British intelligence network in the city. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bloody Sunday (1920)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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